Business Ethics and Sustainability Management

Questions: 1. What were my suppositions about the morals and profound quality before resulting in these present circumstances course? 2. Have these changed and why? 3. What were my suspicions about the nature and motivation behind business action? Answers: (1). Before I joined to this course, I don't have a concise thought regarding the morals just as the profound quality that are exceptionally significant in regard to business morals and manageability. I couldn't make sense of the significant angles identified with the ethics and the morals that are the fundamental need for the practical improvement of any business associations. Along these lines, I accepted that, essential nature, demeanor just as the conduct of the laborers and the workers are the significant viewpoint for keeping up the authoritative morals and ethics. (2). Truly, my suppositions are changed in the wake of joining this course. Presently, I can get that, the morals are alluded alongside the better worth looking for in the regular day to day existence just as the guidelines identified with the human conduct and social cooperation is additionally required for keeping up the hierarchical morals in a durable way as it is opined by Weiss, (2014). It is important to specify that, the business morals are plunged into three profoundly huge portions, those are: Descriptive Ethics, Meta-Ethics just as Normative Ethics. Then again, I understood that, ethical quality is really alluded to the guidelines that can reward any people or working for groups as they are correct or amiss with their exercises inside the work environment of any business association. It is important to make reference to that, couple of huge attributes are there that can fulfill the authoritative ethics. Those are: Spirits ought to must be incorporated with feelings just as jargon as remarked by Heath, (2014). Authoritative ethics must be built up by the human judgment not by enactments just as ought to must be founded on fair contemplations. (3). According to my idea, I expected that the significant nature also the reason for the business action is to broaden the business development by keeping the clients glad. Furthermore, I additionally believed that the idea of the business action is to only tens to the efficiency just as the making positive inside the market. Then again, the significant motivation behind the business action is to fulfill the purchasers by the better nature of the administrations just as items. It is important to make reference to that, I dont have a short thought regarding the business morals and this is the principle purpose behind my disarray going to the difficult issues that are looked by different business associations. Aside from that, I expected that solitary the business work force can upgrade the whole business association towards the pinnacle of achievement. Reference List Heath, J. (2014).Morality, rivalry, and the firm: The market disappointments way to deal with business morals. Oxford University Press. Samuelson, P. An., Anderson, H. C. (2014). corporate social responsibility.Morality and the Market (Routledge Revivals): Consumer Pressure for Corporate Accountability, 43.

Free Essays on History Of The Greek Theatre

Theater and dramatization in Ancient Greece took structure in about fifth century BCE, with the Sopocles, the incredible essayist of disaster. In his plays and those of a similar type, saints and the goals of life were delineated and celebrated. It was accepted that man should live for respect and popularity, his activity was bold and heavenly and his life would peak in an extraordinary and respectable passing. Initially, the hero’s acknowledgment was made by childish practices and little idea of administration to other people. As the Greeks developed toward city-states and colonization, it turned into the predetermination and desire of the legend to pick up respect by serving his city. The second significant attribute of the early Greek world was the extraordinary. The two universes were not isolated, as the divine beings lived in a similar world as the men, and they meddled in the men’s lives as they decided to. It was the divine beings who sent affliction and malice to men. In the plays of Sophocles, the divine beings realized the hero’s defeat as a result of a sad blemish in the character of the saint. In Greek catastrophe, enduring brought information on common matters and of the person. Aristotle endeavored to clarify how an crowd could watch sad occasions and still have a pleasurable experience. Aristotle, via looking through crafted by scholars of Greek disaster, Aeschulus, Euripides and Sophocles (whose Oedipus Rex he considered the best of every single Greek disaster), showed up at his meaning of disaster. This clarification has a significant impact for over twenty centuries on those composing disasters, most essentially Shakespeare. Aristotle’s examination of disaster started with a portrayal of the impact such a work had on the crowd as a â€Å"catharsis† or cleansing of the feelings. He concluded that purgation was the cleansing of two explicit feelings, pity and dread. The legend has committed an error because of obliviousness, not in light of devilishness or debasement. ... Free Essays on History Of The Greek Theater Free Essays on History Of The Greek Theater Theater and dramatization in Ancient Greece took structure in about fifth century BCE, with the Sopocles, the incredible essayist of catastrophe. In his plays and those of a similar sort, legends and the standards of life were delineated and celebrated. It was accepted that man should live for respect and popularity, his activity was valiant and heavenly and his life would peak in an extraordinary and respectable passing. Initially, the hero’s acknowledgment was made by childish practices and little idea of administration to other people. As the Greeks developed toward city-states and colonization, it turned into the fate and aspiration of the saint to pick up respect by serving his city. The second significant trait of the early Greek world was the otherworldly. The two universes were not isolated, as the divine beings lived in a similar world as the men, and they meddled in the men’s lives as they decided to. It was the divine beings who sent misery and underhandedness to men. In the plays of Sophocles, the divine beings achieved the hero’s ruin on account of a unfortunate defect in the character of the saint. In Greek disaster, enduring brought information on common matters and of the person. Aristotle endeavored to clarify how an crowd could watch unfortunate occasions and still have a pleasurable experience. Aristotle, via looking through crafted by authors of Greek disaster, Aeschulus, Euripides and Sophocles (whose Oedipus Rex he considered the best of every single Greek disaster), showed up at his meaning of disaster. This clarification has a significant impact for over twenty centuries on those composing catastrophes, most fundamentally Shakespeare. Aristotle’s investigation of catastrophe started with a portrayal of the impact such a work had on the crowd as a â€Å"catharsis† or cleansing of the feelings. He concluded that purgation was the cleansing of two explicit feelings, pity and dread. The saint has committed an error because of obliviousness, not as a result of devilishness or debasement. ...

Global History of Modern Historiography - 550 Words

Global History of Modern Historiography (Book Review Sample) Content: Name:Instructors Name:Course:Date:Is History Fiction? a Global History of Modern HistoriographyIs History Fiction?Curthoys and Docker question the validity and truth of History by identifying the doubleness of history. These authors argue that there exists a space between two forms of History. The first form is History as the scrutiny of information sources and History as the collection of various literary forms. They argue that this space room makes History uncertain and full of disagreements. In addition, this doubleness makes History a shifting and self- transforming subject. Curthoys and Docker (138) trace this double character back to the beginning of Western History. Early historians view Herodotus as the father of Western History. Unfortunately, Herodotus also orchestrated many lies especially on Greece states. This book also identifies a double character in Thucydides History. Thucydides History doubles character is that it represents a focused accounts of events but at the same time, it is also an excellent literary works. Curthoys and Docker argue that although Herodotus and Thucydides are important history writings, they represent different modes of writings (169). The contrast in Herodotus and Thucydides also involve the quality of the writings. These two History writings use cosmopolitan and internationalists modes to write History. In the progress, they ignored classical Greece sources and therefore, failed to write History as a progressive story. This book also highlights the questioning of the truth of history that took place in the 1960s and 70s known as the postmodernism. Poststructuralists like Foucault and Derrida argued that History contains no truth since all the interpretations are equally good. The authors state that Foucault advocated for a true historical form of evaluating historical writings. Derrida supported the strict evaluation of various texts to verify the existence of a historical event. The authors co nclude by stating that historians cannot objectively obtain the truth about History (Curthoys and Docker 330). A Global History of Modern HistoriographyThis book provides a global analysis of the history of modern historiography. Majority of books concentrated on analyzing the history of historiography from western perspective. This book examines the development of historical writings not only from western ancient societies, but also from non-western societies. It traces the development of historiography over two centuries ago. In addition, to tracing the transformation of historiography, this book examines the reactions to scientific historiography in the post-colonial and modern world. The main theme of this book is the reaction and adoption of western ideas by historians in the non-western world in addition to the exploration of these ideas using their cultural approach.This book analyzes the trans-cultural exchanges that took place in the world over two centuries ago. Globa lization and westernization were the main drivers of the trans-cultural exchanges that took place in different parts of the world. Iggers, Wang, and Mukherjee analyze the interactions of historical writing between the West and other regions such as the Middle East and South-East Asia (25). It especially focuses on how historians and the public in the Middle East and South and East Asia adopted and adapted historiography methods developed in western countries.The authors argue for a global approach in the analysis of historical writings from the 18th century to...

Cyber Threats And Its Effects - 776 Words

Introduction Today, cyber threats are becoming progressively more sophisticated, and attackers are harder to detect. What was once a seemingly straight forward safeguard using antivirus, antispam, and firewalls, has now grown into insidious and continuous system attacks. Within any enterprise, data is the forefront of its commercial capital, and any loss, reputation, or breach can result in catastrophic budgetary overhead. Organizations oftentimes ponder over lucrative security investments, sadly these aren’t the result of proactive but reactive measures. Attackers are fiercely penetrating enterprise networks, infrastructures, computers, and physical systems. An influx of security threats are affecting businesses, the major cybersecurity threats include attacks on physical systems (unprotected endpoints, insecure network points, internal attack), authentication and privilege attacks (weak passwords), denial of service (DoS) attacks, and malicious content, see Figure 1, Maj or Enterprise Security Threats. Since the internet has become a functional part of our daily jobs, it also increases threats such as malware, spyware, and social engineering attacks. Furthermore, attacks on physical systems is another threat that organizations face. Computers and laptops are entrusted with proprietary information, and bring your own device (BYOB) is becoming more and more popular within organizations, moreover, connecting to corporate networks. Laptops carry USBs which also holdShow MoreRelatedCyber Threats And Its Effect On Society1200 Words   |  5 Pagesname off three social media websites and they wouldn’t even have to think about it. 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Government And Political Thought The Act Of...

Decolonizing Government and Political Thought The act of decolonization revolves around the notion that people, who have experienced a form of colonialism, return to the lifestyles they originally practiced before colonialism. While a great focus of decolonization is put on; culture, gastronomy, religion, and spirituality, pre-colonial forms governments have not been thoroughly explored. This however, shouldn’t be a surprise because most of the pre-colonial practices have been lost due to colonial forces. The current political climate has incited a lot of tension, hate and instability for several groups and their allies. Hence, there must be new ways of understanding how government and politics can be influenced using decolonized methods that favor stability. The decolonized methods that will be explored in this study are; complementation, sovereignty, and discussion and such will be tailored to adapt and be taught in the current political spectrum. The most common way decolonization has been practiced is through medicine. Patrisia Gonzales, professor as the University of Washington, has gathered her knowledge in traditional indigenous medicine published her findings in a book entitled Red Medicine: Traditional Indigenous Rites of Birthing and Healing. Although the purpose of this study is not about medicine, Gonzales uses several decolonized methods in her teachings that can be applied to the current political spectrum. Gonzales employs the notion that MexicanShow MoreRelatedDecolonization Is Always A Violent Event Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pages Decolonization is the undoing of colonialism, where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over dependent territories. 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Their analysis of the sovereignty first versus self-determination first approach brings a more verifiable and realistic method into the studyRead MoreColonization of Egypt1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe next? Is a good country a country whose government and economic system has absolutely no problems? Or is a good country a country that has a delicate balance of benefits and problems. Well, we are here today to discuss the corruption of Egypt, a good country, by Britain, a huge and powerful country. Although Britain was not the first, Britain has retained control of Egypt for nearly 40 years and I am here today to ask for the freedom and decolonization of Egypt from Britain.brbrThis problemRead MoreThe Theories Of Clausewitz And Creveld1364 Words   |  6 PagesCreveld proposes radical, even heretical nontrinitarian mode l for low intensity conflict and unconventional war since 1945. 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Historical events are crucial in human thoughts since they understand themselves better in the present through analyzing their past occurrences. Historical events help us to know the causes of certain past events, therefore, making the cause to entail long-term ideology events and actions. Nevertheless, the causes of certain events may differ depending on the scale of history

Untitled free essay sample

I grew up in a perfectly abnormal atmosphere that handed me numerous opportunities to overcome serious obstacles in order to make me a better person. I received another challenge in my sophomore year of high school, but something about this one didnt feel the same. I knew it was different. It all started with the arrival of a new junior hockey team in my town, the Walpole Express. For some, the organization contaminated the town like the plague, but for me, it was like a breath of fresh air; one that made me feel like I could suddenly breathe easy. It would be a lie for me to say that being criticized never made me uneasy, but this criticism didnt upset me like everyone expected. Instead, I laughed. Looking around at how judgmental everyone had been, and at the hostility they displayed, I was baffled. These boys were in no way different than the critics harassing them. School, extra-curricular activities, and social outings had consumed most of my free time and I hadn’t had the time or energy to pursue any artistic endeavors. Yet the desire to paint had never left me and now, at this moment, nothing seemed as important to me. I had planned my painting well by studying the proportions of human facial features and the oil painting technique of Sfumato, yet had been unsure of the emotions I wanted to portray. I assumed that it would be determined as I was in the process of painting. I moved my brush along the canvas, filling the white area in with black paint. I didn’t stop until the entire canvas was black. After the paint dried I grabbed a piece of white chalk and began to outline the structure of a face. Once I felt that the proportions were accurate I took a step back from the painting and examined my work. I closed my eyes and tried to visualize exactly what I wanted to portray, but I couldn’t see anything. I became exasperated. My mind desperately searched for ideas, but true inspiration eluded me. I wanted to create a perfect piece of artwork that flawlessly displayed human feelings, yet I wasn’t even sure of the emotions I wanted to depict. Nothing seemed to be going as planned. I decided to take a break from painting and listen to some music on my iPod. I scrolled through the classical genre and came upon Elgar’s Cello Concerto 1st Movement, performed by Jacqueline Du Pre. The magnificence of the concerto had always sent shivers down my spine, so I clicked play. The cello is the first instrument to enter, erupting passionately. After a few seconds the orchestra emerges, responding to the cello with a feeble and half-hearted tune. The cello reenters, increasing in pitch as if pleading with the orchestra to continue. Suddenly, both the cello and orchestra roar with power as they play the main melody of the piece, a melancholy tune that is both haunting and epic. As I listened to the concerto, an unexpected sensation of understanding flowed through me. The strong emotions of passion and sorrow that I felt while listening to the song were exactly what I desired to portray in my painting. I instinctively reached for a brush and commenced work on my canvas. I began with using a white pigment to create the face’s shape and give it structure. I then used a large, dry bristle brush to soften and deepen the shadows of the brows, hallowed cheekbones, and eyes. Lastly, I refined the face and sharpened the details of the lips and jaw-line with white paint. Elgar’s 1st Movement continued to thunder as I fervently created my desired portrait. I worked nonstop until I finally felt the painting was complete. I stepped back, placed the brush on my palate, and wiped my ink-stained hands on my smock. I was done. I stared at the canvas, no longer blank.

People as Resource free essay sample

What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’? Solution: ‘People as a Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working capital in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. Like various other resources people or population is a resource commonly termed as ‘Human Resource’. There are  some people  who regard population as liability rather than an asset. But it is not true; people can be turned into a productive asset if we make investment on them in the form of education, training and medical care. For example, Japan did not have any natural resource. They made investments on their people especially in the fields of education and health. Ultimately, these people after efficient use of their resources made their country rich and developed. Q. 2: How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital? Solution: Human resource superior to other resources like land and physical capital because human resources can make use of land and capital. We will write a custom essay sample on People as Resource or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Land and physical capital can not become useful of their own. What is the role  of education in human capital formation? Solution: Education has a vital role to play in human capital formation or in human resource development. It helps an  individual  to make better use of economic opportunities available before him. Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of an  individual  in the market. Apart from these education has many other benefits such as. It helps a man to make all around  development and  opens the avenue of prosperity. * It uplifts his abilities as a skilled worker and enables him to earn better. Education enables a man to get rid of bad habits. * It helps a man to acquire good habits and become an ideal citizen for his country. * Literate parents are aware of the benefits of education of their children. They are also conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene. Q. 4:  What is the role  of health  in human capital formation? Solution: Health does not mean survival only. This term includes something much more. It involves not only the  physical fitness  of the  individual  but also his mental, economic and social well-being. The role  of health  in human capital formation or in individual’s working life is quite important. Health involves the physical, mental, economic and social well-being of an individual. It not only improves the quality of life of an individual but also adds to the human resource development on which depend the various sectors of national economy. Health covers a wide range of activities including  family welfare, population control, drug control, immunization and prevention of food adulteration etc. Only a healthy person can do full justice to his job. Thus it plays a vital role in individual’s working life. An unhealthy person is a liability for his family, organization and country. No organization will employ such a person who can not work efficiently because of ill-health. Q. 5: What part does health play in individual’s working life? Solution: Refer to answer of Q. No. 4 above. Q. 6: What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sectors? Solution: Activities can be classified under the following three sectors on the basis of the nature of their products or materials used: Primary Sector   Activities concerned with gathering or making available materials provided by nature are included in Primary Sector like agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, poultry farming, fishing, mining etc. Secondary Sector   Such activities which transform raw materials or primary products into commodities more useful to man are included under Secondary Sector. Some such activities are like manufacturing, quarrying. Tertiary Sector   This sector includes those activities which are a must for running modern industries or support the activities of the above two sectors. For example banking, transport, trade, education, insurance etc. Q. 8: Why are women employed in low paid work? Solution: There is no gainsaying that women are generally employed in low paid work as compared to men. The reasons of the same are as follows: * Education is one of the major determinants of the earning of an  individual  in the market. As majority of the women have meager education so they are paid less than men. Along with education, skill is also an important determinant which affects the pay of anindividual. Women are generally unskilled so they are employed in low paid work. It is also a fact that women can not do as much physical work as men can do. So naturally they are paid less than men. * Women have generally an additional responsibility of bringing up their family and children and so they can not be as regular as men in their duties. Hence, they are employed in low paid work and paid less as compared to men. Q. 9: How will you explain the term ‘unemployment’? Solution: A situation in which a section of the people, who are able and willing to work, but do not find gainful work is referred to as ‘unemployment’. Such a situation is often found in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Q. 10: What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment? Solution:  Disguised unemployment   In disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed while actually they are not adding to the productivity. This can be explained by the following example: Farmers in India use primitive methods of production in agriculture due to poverty. Lack of ownership right present in the existing land tenure system e. g. f we use modern methods of cultivation, a situation can be created when only two persons of a family can complete the work in farm instead of three. But the lack of modern methods and poverty create a situation that three persons work when the same work can be performed by two persons. So, one person is disguisedly employed. Seasonal unemployment   Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. Agriculture in India  is not a whole time occupation. It is seasonal. The cultivators generally grow only one crop in a year. As such in the rural sector and in the lean season, the cultivators and the hired agriculture workers find no work to do. The seasonal character of  Agriculture in India  leads to seasonal unemployment. Q. 11: Why is educated unemployment, a peculiar problem of India? Solution: Unemployment has become a common problem not only in rural areas but also in urban areas. Educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon in urban areas in our country. The reasons for the same are the following: 1. Defects in the Educational System Our educational system has failed to see the ground realities. After spending so many years in schools and colleges, our young generation, both men and women, come out in large numbers without any practical training whatsoever. They add to the number of already educated unemployed thus, making the problem all the more complex. In this way our educational system failed to deliver the goals as was expected. 2. Growth in the Industrial and Service Sectors is not Adequate The Growth in the Industrial and Service Sectors is not so satisfactory. No doubt that these two sectors have shown some improvement in creating employment opportunities over the years. But this improvement is not adequate to absorb the educated unemployed persons. The continuous migration of unskilled labour to urban areas has further added to the problem of the educated unemployed. 3. Visa Restrictions imposed by the Developed Countries Some of our educated unemployed are prepared to seek jobs in foreign countries like USA, Britain, Germany etc but Visa Restrictions imposed by most of the developed countries have further worsened the employment opportunities for the educated people. In which fields do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunities? Solution: Economic activities are divided into three sectors primary, secondary and tertiary. The primary sector especially agriculture employs two-thirds of the population of India. The secondary sector, especially manufacture industry, absorbs about 10% of the total working population while tertiary sector employs about 25% of our population. In the case of agriculture, there is no scope for further employment. As a result of disguised unemployment, many members of the farming families are unable to get full time work. As a result, much emphasis will now have to be put on manufacturing activities which belong to the secondary sector. This sector now absorbs only 10% of the working population. There is much scope in this sector so new manufacturing units can be set up and maximum employment opportunities created. Some people can be absorbed in the tertiary sector as well by expanding the scopes of activities like transport communication, banking, education, health, tourism and other such services.

Why War Happens essays

Why War Happens essays Most wars result from a combination of causes. Three of the most common causes are conflicts over resources, clashing ideologies, and struggles over power. Conflicts over resources are the most basic and enduring causes of war. Resources include land, minerals, energy sources, and important geographical features. The world's first wars probably were fought over resources. Location and geography can provide great benefits to one community and not to another. Examples of conflicts over resources are numerous. In the Crimean War (1853-1856), the United Kingdom, France, and the Ottoman Empire fought against Russia for control of the area around the Black Sea. The Persian Gulf War (1991) resulted in large part from Iraq's attempt to seize control of Clashing ideologies can also lead to war. Ideologies are sets of ideas that define different communities. Religious teachings are often central to a society's ideology. Sometimes, these teachings are different from-or even openly hostile toward-those of neighboring communities. In these cases, religious wars can erupt. From 1096 to the late 1200's, for example, Christians from Europe waged war on Muslim rulers in Palestine as part of the series of military expeditions known as the Crusades. Ideological conflicts can also involve political concepts. An example of such a conflict was the Cold War between Communist and non-Communist nations in the latter half of the 1900's. The conflict between capitalist democracy and Communism fueled the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union Struggles over power. Power involves the ability to control other people or to control the outcome of a situation. War often results when one country seeks to expand its power at the expense of others. In some cases, a decline in the strength of a powerful nation may prompt a war of opportunity, in which rival nations try to take adva ...

A Complex Case of Interpretation of Justice and Truth

A Complex Case of Interpretation of Justice and Truth Justice in society is the ultimate destination for those who wish to uphold the truth; however, morality is contradicted by an individual’s choice to be uninvolved when personal serenity is at stake. The novel Jasper Jones upholds this idea through the portrayal of silent bystanders as the driving force that powers the events of injustice that take place in Corrigan. Ultimately, this dilemma is revealed to the audience through the lens of Charlie Bucktins experiences, which act as a catalyst in assisting him piece together the reality that achieving justice is not always a clear-cut matter. Breakdowns within relationships are spurred into being by the inability of individuals to acknowledge their personal liability and condemn others of their misdemeanors. As Charlie witnesses his mother’s accumulating verbal abuse towards his fathers misbehavior, he understands how his mother attempts to feed her dissatisfaction in life by criticizing those around her: â€Å"She called him a poor parent, a useless husband. She accused him of not caring for either me or her.† However, since Charlies father stays uninvolved in order to restore peace, he is allowing injustice to linger; in fact, he is ironically being scapegoated as the excuse for his wife’s affair. As Charlie states, â€Å"I wanted him to take umbrage with her questioning of his heart and his loyalty. But he didn’t.† Although the peace of passiveness is eventually made most evident to the audience within the motif of Charlie’s antipodean snowdome, Charlie also understands the saf ety of being a silent bystander. His experiences force him to regret opening his window to Jasper Jones: â€Å"I’d choose to forget. I’d sleep safe in my settled snowdome.† Therefore, the Bucktin house can also be viewed as a microcosm of the Corrigan community, as the silent bystander sustains wrongdoings and allows the innocent to be accused for others mistakes. Silvey adapts his ideas about truth and responsibility to the Wishart family; Pete Wishart’s brutal abuse of Laura was facilitated by Eliza’s and Mrs. Wishart’s continuous suppression of the truth. The narrative demonstrates Laura’s encounters through a metaphorical spectacle highlighting how quickly evil was propelled â€Å"Like a cork from a bottle. A train with no brakes. Here, the use of simile heightens the intensity of Eliza’s recounting to Charlie of her inability to oppose the villainy under her own roof. In a uniquely Australian voice Silvey personifies the intense heat of the Australian climate â€Å"summer heat crept in† symbolizing nature growing in tension in parallel with the events within the Wishart family. Dissolution of relationships within the Wishart family thrived from the subduing of truth and the abrogation of responsibilities as parental guardians from both Mr. and Mrs. Wishart. The powerless and marginalized are ofte n scapegoated for the mistakes of those higher up in societies hierarchy to uphold faultless public appearances. Society’s animosity towards Jasper Jones is enunciated during Charlie’s first encounter with him â€Å"They think I’m a bloody animal. They think I belong in a cage† The image of Jasper as an animal represents the ironic label that impugns his sensitive and misunderstood nature and presents him as dangerous to society. The first person narrative within the novel positions Charlie as the narrator allowing us to recognize the duality of Jasper which may not be known by others. Subsequently these experiences are what fuels the novel and forces Jasper and Charlie to adapt methods contrary to the traditional to achieve justice. Jasper’s character is inexorably linked to accumulated stereotypical labels â€Å"a Thief, a Liar, a Thug, a Truant† that allows the powerful figures such as Pete Wishart to demonstrate a destructive power of injustice and scapegoat Jasper Jones for his misdemeanor. This supports his attempts in masking his identity as an alcoholic, immoral, sexually violent man and uphold his authority as the Shire president. Capitalization of these titles demonstrate the dominance of the assumptions of the community and promotes Jasper’s vulnerability to be scapegoated. However, during his encounter with Mad Jack Lionel Jasper is indirectly accused of the same mistake of judging by appearance without understanding reality, as he himself engage in scapegoating of the innocent. Represented through an imperative narrative voice tied together with aphorism, Silvey highlights the ability of the Corrigan citizens to disfigure the truth so extremely, despite their personal egregious p ractices, that it forces Jack Lionel to resort to an isolated life, â€Å"The story became truth†¦And Jack Lionel’s portrait was smudged with ink and smeared in shit†. Silvey alludes this image of Lionel to the character of â€Å"Boo Radley†, a reclusive social outcast in â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†. During Jaspers blindness of the truth he fails to understand the positive intentions of Lionel to reunite with his grandson. â€Å"Or maybe he knew†¦Maybe he knows about his place. Maybe it was him.† The repetition of â€Å"Maybe† accentuates Jaspers uncertainty and lack of evidence in accusing Jack Lionel. Even though Jasper doesn’t have an image he needs to support, he needs to accuse someone else to hide the possibility of his actions driving Laura to her death. Therefore by relieving oneself of mistakes by antagonizing the innocent we are able to eliminate possibilities of moral misadventure. Justice and truth are intertwined as the handling of truth by individuals are influenced by human experiences and the reinterpretation of it brings about justice or injustice. Peoples encounters within certain relationships shapes their view of the truth as only those willing to peel away the layers and explore it will truly understand reality. Charlie’s intelligence and compelling attitude to discover the truth before judging places characters in their authentic form, which assists in piecing together the different events within Corrigan. As a result of this he and Jasper were able to discover the ultimate injustice within Laura’s death and perceive Corrigan through a different lens. Craig Silvey poignantly completes this novel through the revealing of human nature and its role within unearthing the truth and bringing about Justice.

A Sports Development Work Programme and a Sports Development Action Essay

A Sports Development Work Programme and a Sports Development Action Plan - Essay Example A four year plan is published by the council. The council has been working in partnership to ensure that they deliver the most efficient and highest quality services to business, citizens and communities in the South Lanarkshire. There has been need of developing a leisure structure of NBG in South Lanarkshire such as a swimming. The reason behind the choice of area of work is to improve the quality of life of citizens in South Lanarkshire and at the same time improve the overall enjoyment of living and working in South Lanarkshire by providing equal access to opportunities. There is need to prepare a work programme when commencing any given new project. Many projects reach undesirable end results, such as structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigations reason because those with experience in the field did not make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project to ensure a positive outcome. Hence, for our project we should establish a team of workers and advisors to create an overall plan to ensure that our project will proceed in an orderly manner to a desirable end. We will include advisors such as accountants, insurance brokers, mortgage bankers, architects and engineers. Effective planning is essential for the successful execution of a project. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure will consider the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, site safety, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays, preparing tender documents, etc. A SWOT analysis identifies factors that may facilitate or inhibit the proposed development of a leisure structure of NBG in South Lanarkshire. A SWOT Analysis to Development of a Leisure Structure of NBG in South Lanarkshire Strengths Weaknesses Good support network by sports fans Improved link with other partners Support by the council Difficult of development without support of the community If government support the project, then we account more also to it. Opportunities Threats Potential improved government funding Other partners may high jack the project The development of the leisure structure of NBG will succeed if it gets support from the sports fans and the required support from the council. It will also succeed if it gets funds from the government and other well wishers. On the other hand the project might fail if other partners high jacks the project before we implement it and also if the community will not support the project. Action Plan Action 1 Goals: Consultation with relevant organisation on the development of swimming Evaluation Strategy: I will know that the goals have been achieved if we reach to a compromise. Steps Necessary to Achieve the Goal Time Scale Resources Having consultative meeting with various stalk holders 3 - 6 Months Myself, Council, Community Leaders, Church Leaders, Government Representatives

Cerebral Palsey Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cerebral Palsey - Term Paper Example In addition to motor dysfunction, cerebral palsy may include learning difficulties, psychological problems, sensory defects, convulsive and behavioral disorders of organic origin’ (cited in Chauhan,1989; p.249). In short, cerebral palsy is a congenital defect and is of non progressive type caused due to developmental defects in the brain that occur immediately after birth, during birth, or before the birth. Usually, children presenting with cerebral palsy are normal but have special needs related to motor, cognitive, social, and psychological functions. Children with the cerebral palsy present with a variety of symptoms or manifestations. However, few symptoms are most common. Like, abnormal muscle tone makes the movement of muscles either extreme or nil. Reflex and postural abnormalities cause the child to have abnormal positions at rest. Delayed motor development causes a delay in the child’s ability to sit or stand on its own. Atypical motor performance such as abnormal gait, asymmetrical hand use, uncoordinated actions, difficulty in chewing, swallowing etc may also be experienced (Yamamoto, 2007). Based on these symptoms, cerebral palsy is classified into three types: spastic type which includes symptoms related to muscle tone; athetoid or dyskinetic that includes symptoms presenting involuntary or uncontrolled movements; and ataxia which includes symptoms related to balancing activities. Immense research and study have been carried out to identify possible risk factors and causes of cerebral palsy. These risk factors and causes have been identified at various stages before, after and during pregnancy. Some risk factors include delayed pregnancy, serial abortions, thyroid problems, seizures, difficult and/or troubled labor etc; infections and injuries during and after pregnancy period; and postnatal issues such as hypotension, sepsis, hyponatremia, nutrition, seizures, etc (Styer-Acevedo, 2008).  

A Thousand Voices :: Thousand Voices Essays

A Thousand Voices I cannot speak for the rest of the world, consisting of girly girls and manly men, but I can speak for myself. Virginia Woolf is right on target in saying that every human being has a male half and a female half-I believe this because I am a living example; I think we all are. Julie always gives me scornful looks when I come to lunch from from gym with a red face, and an exhausted yet satisfied expression. "You've been playing floor hockey again, haven't you!?" she belligerently but playfully accuses. I then proceed to disgust her with my tales of how I almost scored a goal, got hit in the ribs by a speeding puck (and boy was it great!), knocked over a guy, stopped the puck mid-air. She rolls her eyes for two reasons: one, because I actually participate in gym period, and two, because floor hockey is generally a "guy thing." Now, before I go any further, I want to cover myself. I'm not saying that the aggression and rough and tumble of floor hockey is an exclusively masculine trait, and that I , a girl, would be exploring my "male half" by partaking in the game. It is society that chooses which qualities may be dubbed male and which are female, and it is society that makes Julie and most of my other friends, and even the other guys down at the gym think it strange for a woman to enjoy such a brute sport. Virginia Woolf may be forced to call things either male or female in order to speak society's language. I think she's on to something in that there is a little everything residing in all of us-it's just a matter of whether or not we choose to embrace it all. I'm not a brute force all the time (although some would beg to differ), but I bring that side of me out whenever I go for the puck, or whenever I spar in martial arts. Maybe it's not "the man" in me, it's just the fighter; maybe Virginia Woolf says male and female half when she really means all-encompassing human whole. Another conflict that results from this manifestation of all human qualities within me also deals with male and female stereotypes.

Discrimination In Employment

Discrimination of human beings has always existed throughout society, and most probably will always continue in this fashion. For centuries people have been discriminating others and have been discriminated against for factors that they are powerless to prevent, such as their skin colour, sexuality or gender.However, with a new multi-cultural society being created, race has now become the principal form of discrimination throughout the world. Making it the primary source of discrimination within multi-cultural companies and thus the employment sector, due to the high number of different races being present. To tackle this situation numerous steps have been taken within the political setting to stamp out discrimination within employment.The main federal laws in place prohibiting employment discrimination, more noticeably recognised as the Federal Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws, are; Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), which prohibits employment discriminati on based on race, colour, religion, sex, or national origin; the Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA), which protects men and women who perform substantially equal work in the same establishment from sex-based wage discrimination; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), which protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older; Title I and Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), which prohibit employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in the private sector, and in state and local governments; Sections 501 and 505 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibit discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities who work in the federal government; and the Civil Rights Act of 1991, which, among other things, provides monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination (EEO). DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT Page#2 The U. S.Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces these laws and is op en for interaction with any citizen residing within the United States of America. Meaning that any individual is able to legally file a complaint or lawsuit against a company, if they believe that a company has broken one of these laws against them. Title VII prohibits not only intentional discrimination, but also practices that have the effect of discriminating against individuals because of their race, colour, national origin, religion, or sex; and therefore it is illegal to discriminate against an individual because of birthplace, ancestry, culture, or linguistic characteristics common to a specific ethnic group.This is the premier law that racial discrimination lawsuits base their foundation upon, as the actions of the employer to the employee illegally contradict the law’s principals. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that it is unlawful to discriminate against any employee or applicant because of their race, and that it is unlawful in regard to hiring, termination, co mpensation, assignment, or classification of employees; transfer, promotion, layoff, or recall; job advertisements; recruitment; testing; use of company facilities; training and apprenticeship programs; fringe benefits; pay, retirement plans, and disability leave; or any other condition within the realm of employment (VII).This therefore requires employers to provide equal employment opportunities to individuals, no matter what their race, colour or creed. However, if a promotion request of a Caucasian male within a company is accepted, whilst the request of an Asian male is rejected, the reasoning for this could easily be seen as racial discrimination against the Asian male. Allowing him to legally attempt to prosecute the company on grounds of unlawful practise, despite if the intentions of the employer were actually innocent. This situation was the case for small Solicitors firm where an Asian male successfully sued the company for over $3,000, as he believed he was rejected for promotion upon racial grounds.The firm was a dominant Caucasian enterprise within an area known for racial tension, between the Asian and DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT Page#3 Caucasian communities. The employer stated that he believed the Caucasian male was more suited to the position, despite the Asian male having greater experience and more relevant qualifications. In October of 2005, Judge Sir Peter Irwin Casewell, ruled in favour of the Asian male, as he believed that racial discrimination had occurred and that employment laws had been breached. He ordered that the manager of the company, Mr. Edward K. Turrent, was to pay a sum of $3,200 in compensational damages to Mr.Aafiya Mumbtaz, for racial discrimination against the employee, hindering the progress of the individual’s career prospects, and disrespecting the employment laws set in place by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII (2&3). Due to the company being located within a racially charged area. I can fully unders tand the reasoning why the Asian male may feel repressed, and that the effecting variables were due to racial discrimination. Therefore I can understand why the company was suspected of breaking the civil rights act, as they refused promotion of a man of a different race, yet accepted a man of a their own creed, a breach of employment regulation.However, I do not believe that this incident was sufficient enough to award the â€Å"victim† over $3,000, as there is also the highly likely possibility that the company was acting accordingly. With the event occurring within a racially charged area, there is even the possibility that the Asian male was acting out of racial discrimination himself. Enforcing his revenge upon the Caucasian dominated firm, as he may be a racist individual, attempting to affect the business controlled by an opposite race. An additional reason why I would not have taken such drastic action is due to the fact that the Solicitors firm, whose workforce was a mere 12, employed the Asian male knowing that he was of a different race.If the company had practised racial discrimination, surely they would have rejected Mr. Mumbtaz upon application of the position, rather than reject his request for a promotion. DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT Page#4 This to me shows evidence that a racist management did not control the firm, and therefore no racial discrimination within the business took place. Upon a more global scale, Apple Computers have recently been charged with a $40 million racial discrimination lawsuit, charging the company of unfair dismissal an African-American employee. Described by the plaintiff's attorney as â€Å"one the largest racial discrimination cases in U. S.history,† the suit alleges that the former employee was denied promotions and standard perks, isolated from co-workers; and then fired for a trivial offence. The suit was filed on October 30th in Santa Clara County Superior Court. The plaintiff, who did not reveal his name because he is currently looking for work, was an Apple employee from 1998 until he was fired in July 2005, working as a product design engineer. The lawsuit alleges that the plaintiff was fired after he brought a friend to work in April 2005, to encourage him to pursue a college education. Waukeen Q. McCoy, the plaintiff's attorney, stated that he believes his client has an exceptionally strong case for discrimination and wrongful termination.â€Å"His white counterparts have not been disciplined or terminated for bringing a friend or family member to campus, and it is a way for them to get him out of the company,† McCoy stated. He also believed that the plaintiff was receiving less pay than his white counterparts, an act that would be breaking employment laws. After bringing the friend to Apple's campus, the plaintiff was suspended, leading the company to launch an investigation before terminating the employee; who is now still without employment, currently looking for work in Silicon Valley. McCoy said that the employee had no prior problems and had an â€Å"above average† work record. When new management took control of the plaintiff's department within the company, he was immediately moved into a separate cubicle away from the rest of his groupDISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT Page#5 for no apparent reason. This formed the foundations of the lawsuit as it provided a suspect indication of racial discrimination towards the employee. The attorney for this case, Waukeen Q. McCoy, has a track record for successfully prosecuting racial discrimination lawsuits. He was the lead plaintiff's attorney in the largest racial discrimination suit in U. S. history, the infamous â€Å"Carroll v. Interstate Brands Corporation† case. Interstate Brands, makers of Wonder Bread and other consumer foods, was sued by 15 African-American employees for refusing to hire and promote African-American employees.In August 2000, a jury awarded the plaintiffs $135 million, leading the case to be voted â€Å"Verdict of the Year† by Verdicts & Settlements Magazine. Waukeen Q. McCoy stated that he would be willing to settle the case if Apple made a reasonable offer. However this request has fallen upon deaf ears, as Apple have so far failed to respond to the letters that McCoy has sent. Waukeen Q. McCoy said to reporters â€Å"I think this is certainly something that corporate America should look at and think twice about doing to someone, singling them out like this,† whereas a spokesperson for Apple declined to comment on the case, citing a company policy of not discussing pending litigation (Apple).Unlike the previous case of the solicitors firm where I believe the employee was at fault, and discrimination was free from the employment sector, it is most likely that racial discrimination did indeed occur within the Apple firm. The United States of America has a tradition of African-American slavery; and due to this, racial discri mination is the main assumption as to why an African-American person should be sacked by a Caucasian company. However, with this conjecture comes the fact that it is also easy for an Africa-American male to claim that he was the victim of racial discrimination, as he knows the topic will receive a great deal of coverage, and put the company who he believes has offended him under significant pressure. The reasoning for this may be money driven, as they know DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT Page#6that the company may agree upon an out of court settlement, protecting the company’s image and reputable status. Despite this, my opinion that racial discrimination was present is made almost certain by the accounts of the African-American being moved into a separate cubical for no apparent reason, and the fact that the African-American man was prosecuted for actions that his Caucasian counterparts were not. In doing this, I believe that the Apple firm has neglected the laws of the civil r ights movement by not cohering to the laws of pay, fringe benefits, and the usage of the company facilities; therefore using racial discrimination against there employee, and should consequently receive punishment for their actions.Unlike the previous lawsuit, the Apple Company has a large workforce and employment system. As a result, this means that they obviously employ a great deal more employees due to the high number of jobs available. This presents the possibility of employing African-American individuals out of necessity rather than out of preference. Holding prejudice and racial discrimination against the employee from his arrival to the organisation. Lawsuits such as this cannot so easily be assessed due to the nature of the event, as there is no actual evidence that whatever occurred originated from racially driven motives; consequently meaning that the case is therefore based upon opinions and beliefs.My personal outlook upon the term racism itself, the main factor of rac ial discrimination, is that it refers to beliefs or practices that differences exist between the genetics of various groups of human beings; and that these differences can be measured upon a scale of superior to inferior. This therefore presents the theory that one race is greater than the other, which is the outlook upon life I believe a racist person preaches. If a person believes that their race if superior to others, I do not think that they themselves should be judged against the law, due to the fact that it is there belief, only there actions. Thus the outcome of the Apple Computer court case and the majority of Discrimination withinDISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT Page#7 Employment lawsuits, mainly Racial Discrimination, are forced upon becoming based upon the issues of morals and ethics. Morality is a complex set of principles based on cultural, religious, and philosophical concepts and beliefs, by which an individual determines whether his or her actions are right or wrong. The se concepts and beliefs are often generalized and codified by a culture or group, and thus serve to regulate the behaviour of its members. Conformity to such codification may also be called morality, and the group may depend on widespread conformity to such codes for its continued existence.A moral may refer to a particular principle, usually as informal and a general summary with respect to a moral principle, as it is applied in a given human situation (Morals). I believe that this statement shows that racial discrimination is indeed a moral topic, due to each race having their own morals, and most probably there racial actions originating from their form of morality. However despite this racial discrimination lawsuits cannot be assessed using this theory of philosophy, as morals do not determine what is right or wrong in the aspects of society, only for the particular individual in question. Ethics however refer to standards of conduct that indicate how one should behave, based up on moral duties and virtues; which themselves are derived from the principles of right and wrong.In order to apply this definition to practical decision-making it is necessary to specify the nature of the moral obligations considered intrinsic to ethical behaviour. There are two aspects to ethics: the first involves the ability to discern right from wrong, good from evil, and propriety from impropriety; whilst the second involves the commitment to do what is right, good and proper (Ethics). Due to this, I believe that this statement can easily be applied to the events that occur within the cases of racial discrimination within employment; as what employers have done to employees may not break the employment laws directly, however they impede the ethical laws within human society. DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT Page#8If the situation of the Asian male lawsuit involved members of the same race, with the outcome being the same, it is most likely that no action would have been taken. Howe ver, if the situation within Apple Computers had involved a Caucasian male instead of an African American male, and the case was still taken to court. The lawsuit would then have to be resolved via the means of morals, as none of the employment laws would have been breached. This therefore leads to the conclusion that discrimination within employment is that of an ethical matter rather than being based upon moral principles. From what has been presented it is evident that discrimination occurs within the employment sector, no matter where the company is located, its size or the recognition that it withholds.It is not something that can easily be seen or addressed, such as the punctuality of an employee, and even if it is noticed it is then even more complicated to have any action taken. Throughout the world there is employment; employees looking for work, and employers looking for employees. Due to this there will always be racially mixed companies and, as long as there are racial b oundaries, racial discrimination within employment. Despite fair employment practises being in place to prevent discrimination within employment, the outcome is usually blinded by the nature of the event. Human society itself should be able to prevent this discrimination, without the need of imposed laws or regulations within the workplace.

Food Insecurity And Measurements Used - 1681 Words

Food Insecurity and Measurements Used To understand food insecurity, one first needs to grasp the concept of food security. Food security is present when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and healthy food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy lifestyle.1 So, food insecurity is when this source of healthy nutritious food is limited or unattainable, causing food deprivation and malnutrition.1 Food insecurity is a phenomenon that does not exist solely between those who are homeless, but can present itself in families where both parents could be employed and have adequate housing. In 2008, more than 14% of all U.S. households, 49 million people were food†¦show more content†¦population. For instance, these surveys do not take into account people living in group quarters, those who are institutionalized or are homeless. 2(p.6) Another tool that is used to measure food insecurity would be from the National Health and Nutrition Examinati on Survey (NHANES). This particular survey collects detailed medical and nutritional information on all sample people. More than 99% of the eligible sample participated in this Food Security Survey Module developed by the USDA to measure household food security over the prior 12 months.7 These data measures are very beneficial for identifying the links between health, food insecurity and diet.2(p46) Regardless, there are many measurements used, and many determining factors to help us see where food insecurity exists. Food Insecurity and Health Disparity There are a variety of reasons of why food insecurity exists within the United States. One of the reasons for food insecurity is the varying income level of families and individuals. Lower-income families may not have access to healthier food options, and may not have the required transportation it may take to gain access to healthier food choices. 2(p31) Many low and even middle-income families can find it often difficult to spend the amount of money need for healthy food when lower quality and lower price food is more attainable. For many people who are worried when or

Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois Impact the Fight for...

Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois Impact the Fight for Racial Equality The beginning of the early twentieth century saw the rise of two important men into the realm of black pride and the start of what would later become the movement towards civil rights. Both Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois influenced these two aforementioned movements, but the question is, to what extent? Marcus Garvey, born in Jamaica, came to the United States on March 23, 1916 to spread his program of race improvement (Cronon, 20). Originally, this was just to gain support for his educational program in Jamaica, but would soon become much more. Because of conditions at the time, the American Negro World took a great liking to him and his ideas of race†¦show more content†¦This resulted from a divergence with the beliefs of Booker T. Washington, the one Negro who had commanded national respect from both races (Cronon, 34). Du Bois and other young, militant Negroes resented Washington’s narrow philosophy of industrial and agricultural education and denounced his apparent submission to the increasing curbs on Negro civil and political rights in the South (Cronon, 35). He felt that Washington was telling all blacks to accept their inferior role in society and to take on a vocation to improve their economic conditions. The NAACP, formed in 1910, appointed Du Bois director of publicity and research. He was also to edit the monthly magazine of the organization, the Crisis. Du Bois and the magazine pointed out the injustices and abuses of American race relations. Though the magazine was beneficial in spreading the message of Du Bois and NAACP, the true success of the organization came through legal proceedings (Cronon, 35). Du Bois resigned from the NAACP staff in 1934 because he was unwilling to advocate racial integration in all aspects of life. Garvey’s success was not in the fact that he accomplished his goal of forming a black nation in Africa, but he was a great orator who spurred a large following. Garvey’s U.N.I.A. had collected more moneyShow MoreRelatedRacial Leadership And The African American Political Thought From B Du Bois1260 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the history of United States we have had different views of racial leadership in Afro American political thought from W.E.B Du Bois to Booker T. Washington to Marcus Garvey who sought to lead African-Americans from the oppression they face. All three of these historical figures had different views on racial leadership and politics as well as the vision and direction that racial emancipation should take. W.E.B Du Bois argued that African-Americans should political, economic, and social freedomRead More The Origin of the Civil Rights Movement Essay1820 Words   |  8 PagesAmericans. As W.E.B. Du Bois provided the diving board that would allow blacks to dive into the pool of equality, he is found at the origin of the Civil Rights Movement. The Pan-Africanism movement, the rage following the Red Summer, and the Great Migration continued the efforts of W.E.B. Du Bois. The bold and striking words and actions of Marcus Garvey showed whites that blacks would not be called an inferior race any longer. Following World War II, many bounds toward racial equality were made andRead MoreEssay on Waiting Til the Midnight Hour1733 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican American history and I found an amazing amount of information that I was not aware of. Like most who claim to be Black History experts, I was aware of the roles of Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey. However, I was not aware of the impact that so many lesser known figures had in the civil rights movement. It was refreshing to learn of the roles played by Harold Cruse, Arturo Schomburg, Richard Wright, Ella Baker and Robert F. Williams . Reading thisRead MoreIs Art A Universal Language?2130 Words   |  9 Pagesbe approximated between the years 1916 to 1940 with its location being in Harlem on Manhattan Island in New York City. This time period was a major development in art due to the fact that it allowed African Americans to express their thoughts on equality, individuality, pride, and other significant viewpoints aesthetically. African Americans utilized their past and present experiences to create cultural pieces of artwork during the creative and intellectual era that has come to be known as the HarlemRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Essay1977 Words   |  8 Pagesblack. Blacks had finally created a middle class in America. Those blacks were expecting to be treated fairly and have the same life as white Americans. In 1896 equal rights for all races came to a halt when the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruled racial segregation acceptable. Separate, but ‘equal’ was the motto. African-American s, in the south, were met with harsh conditions as they worked and lived among whites. Because of this, more blacks started moving to the north because it was considered

The Psychological Theories Of Alcohol Dependence, Social...

Newspaper headlines and public heath reports continually remind us that many abuse alcohol. Despite its many associated consequences, such as: increased hospital admissions, deaths, road accidents and assaults; alcohol dependence remains a prominent issue in today’s society. But what causes alcohol dependence? This essay will critically discuss and compare two psychological theories of alcohol dependence, social learning theory and alcohol expectancy theory. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Its Application to Alcohol Dependency Social learning theory is the cumulative works of many psychologists and sociologists, the most influential of these, was Bandura (1969, 1977 and 1986) whose works were the first to combine the principles of cognitive psychology and those of behavioural learning (the two prominent theories of the time). Bandura’s (1969, 1977 and 1986) social learning theory contained four major constructs: differential reinforcement (differing consequences for a specific behaviour dependent on the social context and situation), vicarious learning (acquiring new behaviours by observing said behaviours being reinforced in others or through communication), cognitive processes (the belief that cognitive processes such as information retrieval, encoding and organizing, regulate behaviour) and triadic reciprocity (a principle that says, the environment, cognitions and behaviour all mutually influence each other). Bandura applied the early versions of these constructsShow MoreRelatedThe Moral Model Of Addiction2309 Words   |  10 Pagesmisuse. Definition addiction/dependence, lots of theories this paper will provide a brief overview of the main theories of addiction in view to their relevance within treatment and recovery issues which will be discussed in later sections. 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(-) Comings et al. (1996)Read MoreAddiction Psychology4561 Words   |  19 PagesAddiction MODEL ONE: GENETICS McGue (1999) found that genes contribute to the development of alcohol dependence, with heritability estimates from 50-60% for both men and women. Noble et al (1991) found that the A1 variant of the DRD2 (Dopamine Receptor) was present in more than 2/3 of deceased alcoholics. Those with the A1 variant appear to have fewer dopamine receptors; they then turn to drugs and alcohol to increase their dopamine levels – compensating for the deficiency. |Evaluation of GeneticsRead MoreMajor Types Of Major Depressive Disorder1112 Words   |  5 Pageslife expectancies than those without depression, in part because of greater susceptibility to medical illnesses and suicide. It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Current and former patients may be stigmatized. 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Research has shown that people with mood disorders have a chemical imbalance in their brain. It is also known that mood disorders can run in families in the form of certain genetic traits A disturbance in the psychological state of an individual is termed as a mood disorder. It is characterized by a disturbance in a persons emotional state and manifests itself in different forms. Mood disturbances may include depression, mania or a combination of these. Mood disordersRead MoreCase Study : Michelle. Travis2531 Words   |  11 Pageshas also been known to have a violent streak in her as well. She has launched against her live-in boyfriend where she pulled a knife on him and tried to kill him after an alcohol and heroin abuse dueled night. She was arrested that night as well for the attempt on her boyfriend life, when he called the police. Family and Social History: During the interview, Michelle informs me that when she feels outraged, she blacks out sometimes for long periods of time. 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Mumbai Dabbawalla Free Essays

Mumbai Dabbawalas –the lessons they taught me by Sunil Karve, Founder Trustee Vice Chairman – MET League of Colleges The famous Mumbai Dabbawalas were at the MET League of Colleges a few days ago. They made the same presentation they had delivered at Harvard Business School. At an interesting and interactive session they spoke about the organisational structure, working style, and delivery systems of their organisation – the Nutan Mumbai Tiffin Box Supplier’s Association – to a packed weekend gathering of METizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Mumbai Dabbawalla or any similar topic only for you Order Now A lot has already been said about the supply chain management systems used by the Mumbai Dabbawalas.They have received global applause and are featured as case studies in B School books. However, what I took home was not just management fundas but lessons that I will cherish all my life. Since these lessons impacted me greatly, I felt that I must share my learnings with you. Therefore I decided to write this letter. Apart from career-making tips, I learnt life-changing tips on honesty, commitment, stress management, humility, discipline, and HR and time management. During the various challenges in life, I am sure that the values followed by the dabbawalas will give you strength to rise above the toughest odds.The lessons I learnt are: Utmost dependence on Human Capital The most vital link in this chain of food delivery is human capital. The procedures could have been laid down over a century ago, but it is the implementation of the procedures that makes the system work. The Mumbai dabbawalas propagate that correct amount of human dependence can yield amazing results. Honesty and Integrity The threads of integrity and honesty hold the dabbas together. Though it is lunchtime for dabbawalas also, the aroma wafting from the dabbas has never tempted them.Overcoming a basic instinct like hunger is possible only because of strong roots in a culture that encourages truthfulness and integrity. Discipline and Time Management The dabbawalas operate on the Chanakya system of Sama-Dama-Danda-Bhed for the errant members. This ensures that the errant member stays within the system. Secondly, they are extremely particular about time and realise the value of every second in the value chain. So much so that when Prince Charles wanted to meet them, they gave him a precise time slot so that the thousands others would not have to skip their lunch. Pride towards their work The dabbawalas take their role as ‘Annadatas’ very seriously. For them, the delivery of tiffins is much beyond a job – it means q uelling the hunger that strikes the customer when lunch hour approaches. And so they move about their mission briskly with a smile, making sure they are never late. Recruitment policies and manpower management Over the years, the dabbawalas has become a growing community of busy delivery-men who carry out their work with honesty and commitment. This is because each person in the value chain is selected very carefully and with due recommendation only.The implication of the word ‘recommendation’ is different from the common parlance – the referrer assumes responsibility for the incumbent’s conduct throughout the working life. Complete Contentment There was an unseen halo of positive vibrations around the members who delivered the talk. The glow on their faces came from complete contentment with their lives. They seemed as if they possessed all the happiness and riches in life. ‘Be contented in what you have’ is the principle that governs their life. This is particularly surprising because the members earn not more than 5-6 thousand a month and lead a very hard life compared to most of us.Still there was not even an iota of stress on their faces – quite contrary to many others who earn much more than them. Musical Meditation The dabbawalas belong to a sect called Warkari that regularly chants songs of praise to the Lord. Their daily bhajans sessions seem to play an important role in relieving the day’s stress. They truly embody a living where one looks beyond materialistic earnings and serves with commitment for a cause. Sustained success will lead to fame The dabbawalas believe in doing their work properly and have been ensuring that the ‘zero error’ flag is held high.The one thing that emerged very strongly is that they continue to do their work without thinking about any gain. Maybe that’s why success and popularity is chasing them . I do not know about you, but I could not help thinking about these humble angels all night. Is it not strange that though the Mumbai Dabbawalas have been operating since 1890 and it is only recently that you and I have noticed them? If the Dabbawalas had not received due recognition from Prince Charles, Harvard and C K Pralhad, would there be packed audiences to listen to their talk? The answer is obvious. Why does one need a phoren certificate to appreciate local goodness?I urge you to look around and discover many noble souls like the Mumbai Dabbawalas. These souls may not have received the limelight yet, but continue to carry out their work quietly. If one develops a keen eye to notice positives, one can achieve success in every endeavour. So, begin fishing for goodness – starting today. If you apply your mind to this, I am sure you will be able to gain much more than what I could. Do share your experiences with me on skarve_trust@met. edu. Best of Luck and Happy Learning! Sunil Karve Founder Trustee and Vice Chairman MET League of Colleges How to cite Mumbai Dabbawalla, Papers

Project Management for First Pacific Company limited

Question: Describe about project management for first pacific company limited? Answer: Introduction As we start the project management, first we have to choose an organization for this project, so that it relates the project. We have done this project basis of the info of First Pacific Company limited. This is a Hong kong based investment management holding company. Choosing of this company because as our project is based on project management and this co. is working on investment management. This First Specific company business relates many businesses associated, like Telecommunication, Food, natural survey. So working the project under this company will help to relate and examined the project. This first pacific companys investee has strong and dominated value; this will bring a special identification for this company. As we start the project it will shows how much this co. narrates our project. 1.1 Describe the concerned organization and project and analyze the project with theory on principles of project management. In recent days managers are now frequently involved in those projects, that are being managed using formalized project management system. In this project, management Communication skill is very important part to play (Baguley, 2008). If you want to be successful as a manager it is important that you have a total control of understanding of project management terminology, process, and the procedures. Various project demands various types of communication skills. Depend on the project it is important to understand what the project demand. Environments also may play a key role in project management. A project is a continuous process of planned work and has also high risk associated with. The first most important part is as express a basic concept of idea of the project. If the idea and concept is clear to everyone, and easily adaptable to everyone to all level, then project will be nicely. It is upon the management to plan and decide a adaptable idea. This is the most important princip als of project management. When a project get started it is important for everyone to look the principals of the project for which is project is started, Discipline principals is needed of project management (Wysocki, 2006). Managers will play a huge responsible role in project management; they are the most important person for an organization. As the project we started is base on First pacific company, so that it will easily can understand that managers is most important for the company. If any project hails success, it means the managers are very work efficient, and they manage the project very well, but if any project collapse suddenly it means manager are not up to the marks of the project. They have look total of the project, maintain all the staff, also to see budget cost control. Analyze the project in sudden time, to see what the project needed at the right time. Those are the main principles of managing a project. 1.2 Assess the viability of the project and develop relevant success/ failure criteria In this Project management procedure so many things are to be monitored things like project focus, proper planning, and sense of urgency, use time circle, clear approvals and signs of sponsors, Acquire the best team people for the work, and set the work on priority basis (Barkley, 2006). These issues are the basis of success/ failure of the project. Now in below this issues are described1. Project Focus Description of this point is mainly look to time, budget, and quality, and focus on getting the broad goals. So that project focus is going to be on larger extent.2. Planning proper planning is needed in every place in this project. Plan the project in that way so that it is easily can understand everyone, plan has to be details and systematic, so that in every step of the project plan has to be work.3. Sense of urgency Plan the project in that way so that it can be dividing in a small Limited time. In this period of time money and recourses are to be involved, so this part is vit al for the project. It has been maintain in regular checking the status of the work, meetings, and reminders are essential (Bayney and Chakravarti, 2012). So that urgency are looking in inward and outward both ways.4. Time Circle - Build standard models in to the project plan, so that every chain of the level it is easily can adapted, and after that identify the best project life circle. So that project time circle move rightly, and projects life goes to as per planning.5. Clear approvals and signs off by sponsors - Seen the projects properly, examine the project points, examine those points, and lastly approval those points. So that sponsors are getting easily adoptable (Woodward, 2003).6. Acquire the best team-people The most important part of the project is get to the most skilled, experienced and best qualified people involved to this project, after that skilled those people and attached them to the project, divided those people in team, so that very man works essentially and p roperly (Bessant, 2003).7. Priority Basis - In this movement the things are involved is strategy, establish the main criteria, proper team supervisor are needed, so that right team leader to prevent multi-project log jams. Those are the main things which are properly to be visualized in the project, those part are basis to determined of the projects future, if those things are maintain in right way by right people success are come naturally, but if any of those steps are facing regency, and proper action are not taken, success are not coming in this project. Success and failure are both are corresponding in this project (Wu, 2011). 1.3 Describe the project management systems and procedures used in project In Project management procedures and systems are vital part to play. Some key steps are to be playing in systems procedures. In every organization management systems are most important and crucial part (Braglia and Frosolini, 2014). The key parts which are to be monitoring are details given below Get a stage with the life circle framework with sample checklist. Set up a fitting rule for the arrangement of capital approval solicitations. Defined roles and responsibilities of the Project manager, and other key players. So, that easily everyone get their job responsibility properly, and work according with that. Set a guideline on writing an effective project execution plan. so that plan according goes with the time (Dalcher, 2011). In this project management risk are very high, so that proper plan on risk management is needed, and working on that, and accordingly with time analysis the techniques, so that risk cannot go high with the project. If risks are going to high, then must be checked internal management system with importance. Visualized the project definition checklists. Maintain properly cost control models. So that cost are to be maintained efficiency and properly. Build a strong structure on management, so that can be built on stakeholder management and proper communication skills (Deeprose, 2002). Management procedures are to be reviewed simontenauosly, and key problems are to be monitored with importance. And key performances are to be indicators to the success of management process As our start of the project we choose the first pacific co, it relates this management system, the cost control, budget are very important to maintain. As we see this company nicely handle the cost control with underperforming the assets. And investors are also getting its reward. These are the most important part of the systems which are to be performed in the project. These parts are very crucial in the business matter (Wysocki, 2006). If those above mentioned part work properly with the plan, it is to be thinking that systems are going nicely. 1.4 Identify the key elements used in this organization for deciding when to terminate the project and how to conduct post-project appraisals. Relate these findings to the literature in the module on these issues. A Project is viewed as a disappointment when it has not conveyed what was needed, in accordance with desires. Hence keeping in mind the end goal to succeed, a venture must convey to cost, to quality, and on time; and it must conveyed the profits introduced in business case. A task considered disappointment when it did exclude essential components that which partners are required (Dinsmore, 1999). This does not appear to be reasonable, however extend achievement and disappointment isn't pretty much the realities, nor is it essentially about what was conveyed. It's likewise significantly about how the task is seen. The key elements which are to play role to decide project is failure are both internal external effects, which has to be vital part to play in management course. In the event that the venture is convey wrong thing, then it might be viewed as a disappointment, like what the organization needed from the project, but end of the project or middle of that project cant delivered the needed, so then the stakeholders may decide to terminate the project (Dinsmore and Cabanis-Brewin, 2011). Few project start with sponsors support, by the projects governance bodies, any project government bodies are key role to play, but sometime unfortunately government support does not come properly, by that time project suddenly stop unfortunately. So government support always needed for the project (Schnapper and Rollins, 2006). If the project is not able to delivered the revised requirements on time, than project has to be failures by the time, project should be go accordingly with time, is any part of the project cannot changes accordingly with time , than it is sure that project cant be successful. It has been terminated by the time. Overseeing desire is exceptionally critical thing in administration methods; an undertaking drop does not imply that the venture is viewed as a disappointment. This relies on upon numerous elements; including how the deal with the association of the key task partners in the choice making methodology (Field and Keller, 1998). It is mandatory to change the direction the project which are project is required on the time, is this procedure not follow , project failure is sure, and as a stakeholders failure project cant afford that, so when it became failure it will be terminate by the time. These are the key elements of how the project face failure and became terminate. If the project terminates, post project appraisals are very important, because from the management point of view which part of the project lacking, so that project faces this type of failure, sometimes it causes internal problem, sometimes it causes external problem. Analyses the every step of the management part to play which are included in the project. Figure out of those steps which are lacking as per planning. This review process is very important for the management stakeholders (Fryling, 2010). To describe literature in the modules on these issues are similar. Process of review development it is a cycle based chain firstly identify the formulae of a problem, after that search that problem, refine the topic, after finding that problem analyze the problem in that way to construct review. In project management literature review provides a short description and critical evaluation of work critical to the topic. Study on books, articles, and different sources or some other significant to a specific zone of examination, so that can get an overview of significant literature published on topic it depends on the environment and the time. As a manager the person will have to always to be ready on these things. 2.0 Identify the most appropriate organization structure, roles and responsibilities of participants within the project. Having the proper structure is essential for an association or business to meet its points and goals. A business may be organized by relying upon task of that business, it works exercises, for example, client administrations, promoting, operations, Finance or Information Technology. (Salaka and Prabhu, 2008). As we see first pacific company its a huge company, its organization function are control by the management are excellent. The organizational structure divided in so many groups, relative responsibilities and the managers are well performed about their tasks. So that as a whole the unit of organization looks nicely performed. Mostly in management field three identically structure are available, now it is on the management project which structure they can follow. Those three structures are Hierarchical Structure, Flat Structure, Matrix structure. In below this three structure details given - 1. Hierarchical Structure - In Large association have a tendency to contract this structure. This structure likewise called TALL Structure. A tall Structure will have a wide range of levels of representatives all reporting upwards to group pioneers and after that up to operational administration (Zambruski, 2009). This structure gives wide levels of leadership, with a restricted compass of control. The chain demonstrates the quantities of levels inside an association (Gabriel, 2004). Also the compass of control is the quantity of representatives who are straightforwardly managed by one individual. A Tall structure can frequently prompt slower correspondence channels and choice making.2. Flat structure In organization management structure have so many layers and control space are wide. These way communications are very easy, and quickly communicate with managers. This depends on laborers talking more obligation regarding choice making. The profit of the structure is that it permits t he business change appropriately with the business sector, clients or contenders (Gaddie, 2003).3. Matrix Structure In these structure individuals chose originate from diverse levels and offices inside the business. This structure both utilized as a part of progressive and level structure. This structure is habitually utilized for particular ventures. 2.1 Describe how the project manager control and co-ordinate the project. As the name described Project management, the key part of management is managers. Managers have to vital role to play. So many things managers are look after in the project. Like- planning and coordination project management activities including financial, planning as per project management office, give the briefs to all employees about the project. Preparing documentation, reports, returns, observation on relative issues defines the documentation objectives. Monitoring the project design, objectives, and go for the milestones for the project (Hillson, 2014). Managers are very key members in the management project, they have to look after all those things happened in project, Meeting with the stakeholders and other project managers. We see that The first pacific company assigned any of the project, and that project are control by the managers are quietly appreciated. 2.2 Identify project leadership requirements and qualities relevant to the project. As a manager of a project it is important for project managers to posses the skills to understand and visualized the entire picture of a project and convey this effectively to the whole project team (Pinnaclemanagement.com, 2015). To be successful manager it is important to communicate with the team. Another key skill are required is build a team. A great manager is not important to be a great team leader, but it has been important that manager build a great team. Productive and successful teams are those that are able to maintain strong, positive common goals. A project manager should be reliable, honest, loyal, and ethical; these qualities have to be in managers inside power. A project manager can lead by example and gain the trust and commitment (Kerzner, 2001). As project manager practice, adapt and perfect these fundamental leadership skills. In First pacific company managers we see maximum are trained about their responsibility of their work. They have the qualities in insid which make them perfect leader of the project. 2.3 Plan and specify human resources and requirements for the project As a project management team or authority human resources and requirements are one of the important parts that are prolifically needed. As a project hardworking, loyal, efficiency people are needed, so require those people who are willing to do efficiency work. So an Hr manager it is always remember that project is needed good people (Zhang, Zhu and Zhang, 2011). In first pacific company gives human resources much important, because of they are the first step to build a strong team. A strong team needs a strong hardworking people, if human recourses fails of their duty, it means a healthy team cannot build. So recruit those efficient and intelligent people who can gives the work which the company is needed. 3.1 Prepare project plans and establish the project organization for the project. When a project are planed it should contain at least following things The project statement of the purpose, objectives, scope, project success criteria, review current environment resources and equipments. Briefly describe the project sponsors requirements, problems, objectives, and constrains. Specify the activities and organizational units that will be impact by the project (Kodukula, 2014). These procedures demonstrate time and cost scheduling packagers, by use of this methods project plan are easily can understand and described to all of the members. We see this company each of the department have a clear work view, and clear plan of their work. 3.2 Apply project scheduling, estimating, and cost control techniques to the project Venture administrators applying expense control methods viably can guarantee that ventures, stay inside anticipated plans, or are permitted to surpass plans in a controlled manner for particular reasons (Patel, 2008). When the company adopts cost control techniques it reduces the risk factors. To assess the project cost control spreadsheet graphic presentation packages are to be used for details report of which managers are needed. Estimating is all about controlling the cost, and favors the business to the larger extent. A typically activity requires labor, materials, and equipments. Cost control estimates can use previous historic sources, so the upcoming sources found appropriate, which are to be performed in business. Estimating cost for the project is a main thing in project business. Scheduling - A project plan by assembling the budget and scheduling the activities. Proper scheduling gives the scenario when, and where budget will be spent. The project scheduling provides framework what the need for the business (Landman, 2008). Proper scheduling is the baseline of the management project. If any scheduling is not proper and it does not belong with the project, the project will be collapse very soon. So as management angel proper scheduling for the project is very important. 3.3 Describe the methods used to measures performance of the project. Performance in a project or in any organization is integral part of the workplace. This provides a platform for supervisors and managers to measures the employee. Different level different people are work in a project, so performance vary in every steps. So proper measures is needed, so that employees can get their performance result, and as per mangers point of view this measures is vital to know where the employees are lacking in work, and where the employees work are excellent (Levin, 2012). To measures performances of the project, documentation and procurement control packages techniques may also be able to use. So that performances are properly measures. 3.4 Describe project change control procedures used in the project. An undertaking supervisor regularly confronts with changes and venture crawl as a standout amongst the most difficult issues that a task director can confront. Changes often impact the budget of the project, so plan the project in that way so that plan can change accordingly with time, and it can easily adaptable by time (Munier, Jime nez-Sa ez and Ferna ndez-Diego, 2013). If this does not happened than it is sure that project will be collapse, and its will be a project failure. So as management angel plan schedule is very important. Time and cost scheduling packages are mostly used methods to judge project change control procedures. When changes are need , first look after the if changes happened in project what impact can happened in project, and what changes a project can effort to do. After that review impact, now as a manager you have to go to check that what changes needed in cost side, schedules, and outcome (Maylor, 1996). So many changes can affect the project cost, so cost cant be hampered by the changes. If the changes is good for business than it should be accepted, - it all about the importance of the project. If changes are need it should be discussed with the all the members, team supervisors and sponsors. If all the members are agree to changes than it should be accepted, or otherwise it will be canceled. The first pacific company always go with the time and environment. What the best changes required respective of the time they change their plan and program respective of their work, so that at the end of the project investors meet their expectation from the company. If changes have been accepted document that changes, it is vital for documentation and updating for project plan. And lastly communicate the accepted changes and its impact to the all the parties (Mehta, 2007). So that project goes smoothly as per the schedules or rescheduled plan. References Baguley, P. (2008).Project management. [New York]: McGraw-Hill. Barkley, B. (2006).Integrated project management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Bayney, R. and Chakravarti, R. (2012).Enterprise project portfolio management. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Pub. Bessant, J. (2003). Building a project driven enterprise: how to slash waste and boost profits through lean project management.Technovation, 23(5), p.459. Braglia, M. and Frosolini, M. (2014). An integrated approach to implement Project Management Information Systems within the Extended Enterprise.International Journal of Project Management, 32(1), pp.18-29. Dalcher, D. (2011). Project management the agile way: Making it work in the enterprise.Project Management Journal, 42(1), pp.92-92. Deeprose, D. (2002).Project management. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Dinsmore, P. (1999).Winning in business with enterprise project management. New York: AMACOM. Dinsmore, P. and Cabanis-Brewin, J. (2011).The AMA handbook of project management. New York: American Management Association. Field, M. and Keller, L. (1998).Project management. London: International Thomson Business Press. Fryling, M. (2010). Estimating the impact of enterprise resource planning project management decisions on post-implementation maintenance costs: a case study using simulation modelling.Enterprise Information Systems, 4(4), pp.391-421. Gabriel, E. (2004). Building a Project-Driven Enterprise: How to Slash Waste and Boost Profits Through Lean Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 22(3), pp.268-269. Gaddie, S. (2003). Enterprise programme management: Connecting strategic planning to project delivery.Journal of Facilities Management, 2(2), pp.177-191. Hillson, D. (2014). Caratteristiche di un Enterprise Risk management efficace.PROJECT MANAGER (IL), (18), pp.24-25. Kerzner, H. (2001).Project management. New York: John Wiley. Kodukula, P. (2014). Enterprise Project Portfolio Management: Building Competencies for RD and IT Investment Success.Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e1-e1. Landman, H. (2008).Enterprise project management. Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.: J. Ross Pub. Levin, G. (2012). Enterprise Project Governance: A Guide to the Successful Management of Projects Across the Organization.Project Management Journal, 44(1), pp.107-107. Maylor, H. (1996).Project management. London: Pitman. Mehta, R. (2007).Project management. Jaipur: Aavishkar Publishers. Munier, N., Jime nez-Sa ez, F. and Ferna ndez-Diego, M. (2013).Project management for environmental, construction and manufacturing engineers. Dordrecht: Springer. Patel, V. (2008).Project management. Jaipur, India: Oxford Book Co. Pinnaclemanagement.com, (2015).What is Enterprise Project Management? | Pinnacle Management. [online] Available at: https://www.pinnaclemanagement.com/what-enterprise-project-management/70 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Salaka, V. and Prabhu, V. (2008). Project management and scheduling for enterprise integration.IJPOM, 1(2), p.167. Schnapper, M. and Rollins, S. (2006).Value-based metrics for improving results. Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.: J. Ross Pub. Woodward, J. (2003). Enterprise-focused management.International Journal of Project Management, 21(5), p.384. Wu, X. (2011). The Research on Project Management and Decision-Making System of Construction Enterprise.Management Engineering, pp.19-23. Wysocki, R. (2006).Effective software project management. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub. Zambruski, M. (2009).A standard for enterprise project management. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Zhang, J., Zhu, M. and Zhang, L. (2011). Applied Research on the Enterprise-Level Project Management System and Information Construction of Project General Contractor Enterprise.AMM, 94-96, pp.2337-2340.